I believe that potential energy is important because it is stores energy that can be used at any time. Catalyst pathways are important to all living organisms, our digestive systems break down large food down into many micro vitamins. Energy is the most important concept because energy is everywhere around us, from our own bodies using energy from the food to help us move or breath to cars moving and electricity. Unlike potential energy, kinetic energy is energy in motion, for example atoms bouncing everywhere when water is in gas form, but when frozen, since they can't move, they cant create kinetic energy. Chemical energy is one of the lesser well known energies, in which two atoms join together to create energy. Free energy is the portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system. Exergonic energy is when free energy is released while endergonic energy absorbs free energy. ATP is a form of energy in which for both photosynthesis and for cellular respiration to function and process. A catalyst occurs when a chemical agent changes the rate of the reactions without being consumed by the reaction. Enzymes are the catabolic protein that signals the organism's system to build proteins and reproducing DNA strands.

Blog 8: Bacteria vs Prion vs Virus

Bacteria : A member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms lacking organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.

Virus :

an ultramicroscopic, metabolically inert, infectious agent that replicates only within the cells of living hosts, mainly bacteria, plants, and animals: composed of an RNA or DNA core, a protein coat, and, in more complex types, a surrounding envelope.

 

Prion :  a tiny proteinaceous particle, likened to viruses and viroids, but having no genetic component, thought to be an infectious agent in bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Bacteria similarities and differences of a prion :

-are unicellular

-adaptations in the moist environment

-uses a flagella to travel

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-bacterias :

have no nucleus while a viruses do

are bigger in size then prions

are composers of the environment

are unicellular

-prions :

has a nucleus

is multicellular

has cilia

require a moist environment

Similarties and differences between a virus and a bacteria :

-harmful to the host

-have DNA 

-have a nucleus

-is able to survive extreme weather/environment conditions

-smaller then eukaryotic micros

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bacteria has a cell wall

bacteria can reproduce on its own

bacteria are considered living micros

viruses has a protein coat

viruses need a host in order to reproduce

viruses are not accounted as a living micro

viruses tend to cause more major damages to it's host then bacteria

Bacterial Transformation

Bacterial transformation occurs when the bacteria accepts foreign viral DNA and makes it into its own DNA.

Bacterial transduction on the other hand occurs when a virus injects its DNA into a bacterium and then the DNA gets extracted into the host's DNA and then the host uses the DNA and helps reproduce virus, leading to the bacterium bursting and then the new young viruses infect other surrounding bacterium. Viruses cannot survive without nearby hosts to reproduce with.

Objective: Create a chart comparing and contrasting the similarities and differences between photosynthesis and cell respiration.

Similarities between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

• electron transport chain is used for transferring electrons and other stuff between reactions
• ATP is used in both systems
• chemiosmosis allows ATP synthesis to make more ATP molecules

Differences  between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

• Photosynthesis uses Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen to create Glucose and Oxygen
• Cellular Respiration uses Oxygen and Glycogen to create Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen
• NADPH is needed in photosynthesis
• Formula for photosynthesis = C6O2------>C6H12O6+6O2
• Formula for Cellular Respiration = 6O2 +C6H12O6 ------> 6CO2 +6H2O
• 
  

Objective: Explain the difference between C3,C4, and CAM plants in terms of their photosynthesis.

C3 Plants:

• normal plants the doesn't have to face harsh environment
• only opens their stomata during the day time
• regulates the Light reaction and Calvin Cycle normally

C4 Plants:

•  has 2 different cells that C3 plants and CAM doesn't have: Mesophyll Cells and bundle sheath  cells
• the plant uses C4 carbon fixation in which carbon is attached to the phophoenolpyruvic  in the Mesophyll Cell ceating a four carbon compound
• then in the bundle sheath the four carbons is then decomposed into carbon and pyruvate and to be used for the C3 pathway
• the carbon in the C3 pathway is turned into glucose and the pyruvate is sent back into the Mesophyll cell
• afterward the pyruvate is turned back into a phophoenolpyruvate  with the help of the ATP.

CAM Plants:

• They only have one cell
• their stomata is only open during the night, closed during the day (opposite of the C3 plants)
• Carbon inhaled by the plant and oxygen is exhailed
• they usually have the characteristics of small and has small or thin leaves to store water, these plants are most likely found in the destert and any other harsh biomes.

Biochemistry Wordle

 
  Elements are important to biochemistry because almost everything in biochemistry is composed of elements. Compounds are the mixture of either elements or chemicals that help cause chemical reactions or helps an organism defend against it's preys. The hydrogen bond is important to biochemistry because it creates a surface tension in the water. Polar Molecules are important because it helps create surface tensions for water, which is the force needed to break the surface of the water, from hydrogen bonds, creates reactions and helps create  bonds. Adhesion is important because it is the force of water being traveled in the stem or trunk of a plant by countering the downward pull of gravity. Cohesion on the other hand with the help of the hydrogen bonding helps transport water within the plant and counter against gravity. Heat and temperature is needed in biochemistry in order to cause reactions and speed up reactions. Buffer is the neutral state between acidic and bases, it is helpful in biochemistry in order to reduce acidic and base solutions. Organic Chemistry is important because it is the study of the organic compound, Carbon, which is found in all living things, and molecule structures. Functional groups are one of the most common chemical reactions. Polymer is made of more then two monomers, which is the basic building blocks in  creating molecules. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and Nucleic Acid are the different types of macromolecules. The peptide  bond is found in the sequence used to create amino acids.

Macromolecule Structure

Assignments: Go through all of the basic shapes and write a blog on five things you learned about macromolecule structures.
1) There are four different kinds of  macromolecules; Carbohydrate, Lipid, Protein, and Nucleic Acid.
2) Monomers are the building blocks for molecules, many monomers make up a polymer.
3) Carbohydrate s are involved in energy storage, production, structure, and signaling.
4) Monosaccharides is composed of only one monomer, they link together to form disaccharides also know as the largest carbonhydrate, polysaccharides.
5) Glucose is the most common monosaccharides.