Ridley talks about the genetic manipulation, he uses the example of an event that occurred in 1972. Paul Berg in 1972 created the first artificial
"recombinant" DNA by mixing and arranging restriction enzymes and ligase. Ever since that experiment, several other labs have used recombinant DNA where a
retrovirus would be lose its infectious genes then get replaced with a
desired gene and finally get injected into the body directly trying to cure various diseases
through gene therapy such as hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and
cancer. Ridley ends the chpter with the possibilities of
human cloning with genetic improvement through the use of embryonic
stem cells and recombinant DNA is possible.
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